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Moscow in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries

In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries the banishment of French army from Moscow became the main reason for the cultural and political renaissance of the city.

There was also a healthy dose of political dissent in Moscow. Many Decembrists (participants in an uprising in St. Petersburg in 1825) were born here; in fact 50 of them studied at Moscow University. The first Decembrist organization, called “the Military Society” was founded in the city. Another significant event was the arrival of Alexander Pushkin to the city, where in the residences of Sobolevsky and Venevitinov he read his tragedy “Boris Godunov”, based on the great Russian historian Karamzin’s account of the aforementioned Time of Troubles.

Domestic industry grew fast, many new factories appeared, industrial equipment was renovated, the railroad network became broader and trade flourished. In the 1860s the number of Moscow citizens was 400 000; in 1897 it grew to 1 million. The opening of Pushkin Monument, which attracted many famous people from different parts of Russia, forever cemented the poet’s iconic status. The celebration lasted for four days and included a particularly impressive speech by Dostoevsky.

In between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, when Russia was on the brink of revolution, the situation in Moscow was very tense. At the beginning of the twentieth century many people became victims of revolution. Then there was civil war, economic struggle, and many political disruptions. All that was a heavy burden for Moscow. Then Germany attacked, and Moscow was seen as the only savior of Russia: while the city was still free, hope was still alive. The Germans came very close to Moscow and Stalin started to doubt whether they’d be able to prevent an attack on what was now the country’s capital, however in Tula, on the border of the last outpost, the German troops were finally shattered. Moscow became a symbol of the courage and independence of the country during the great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. A memorial to those who died during the war on Poklonnaya Gora was built shortly after.

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